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Glossary

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MTPSR1-202ST

“Time slot” implies the time division multiplexing organization of the T1 signal.

Toll Call: A call to a location outside of your local service area (i.e., a long distance call).

Tone dialing: One of two methods of dialing a telephone, usually associated with Touch-Tone® (push

button) phones. Compare with pulse dialing.

Topology: Physical layout of network components (cables, stations, gateways, and hubs). Three

basic interconnection topologies are star, ring, and bus networks.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP): A communications protocol used in Internet and in any

network that follows the US Department of Defense standards for internetwork protocol. TCP pro-

vides a reliable host-to-host protocol between hosts in packet-switched communications networks

and in interconnected systems of such networks. It assumes that the Internet protocol is the underly-

ing protocol.

Transport Layer: Layer 4 of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model; provides reliable, end-

to-end delivery of data, and detects transmission sequential errors.

Transport Protocol Data Unit (TPDU): A transport header, which is added to every message,

contains destination and source addressing information that allows the end-to-end routing of mes-

sages in multilayer NAC networks of high complexity. They are automatically added to messages as

they enter the network and can be stripped off before being passed to the host or another device that

does not support TPDU’s.

Trunk: Transmission links that interconnect switching offices.

TSR (terminate and stay resident): A software program that remains active and in memory after its

user interface is closed. Similar to a daemon in UNIX environments.

Tunneling: Encapsulation data in an IP packet for transport across the Internet.

Twisted pair wiring: A type of cabling with one or more pairs of insulated wires wrapped around

each other. An inexpensive wiring method used for LAN and telephone applications, also called UTP

wiring.

UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) (pronounced “you art”): A chip that

transmits and receives data on the serial port. It converts bytes into serial bits for transmission, and

vice versa, and generates and strips the start and stop bits appended to each character.

UNIX: An operating system developed by Bell Laboratories that features multiprogramming in a multi-

user environment.

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP): Telephone-type wiring. Transmission media for 10Base-T.

V.25bis: An ITU-T standard for synchronous communications between a mainframe or host and a

modem using HDLC or other character-oriented protocol.

V.54: The ITU-T standard for local and remote loopback tests in modems, DCEs and DTEs. The four

basic tests are:

• local digital loopback (tests DTE send and receive circuits),

• local analog loopback (tests local modem operation),

• remote analog loopback (tests comm link to the remote modem), and

• remote digital loopback (tests remote modem operation).

Virtual Circuit: A logical connection. Used in packet switching wherein a logical connection is estab-

lished between two devices at the start of transmission. All information packets follow the same route

and arrive in sequence (but do not necessarily carry a complete address).

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